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fix(postgres): check all roles with one indexable ?| condition - #992
HarshMN2345 wants to merge 4 commits into
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Each role was its own @> check OR'ed together. The planner's estimate grows with every role, and around 100 roles it abandons the GIN index for a primary key walk. Match all roles with one ?| through an inlined SQL function, so the SQL text has no ? for PDO to read as a placeholder. The function is created with the schema, or on first use for existing databases; where it can't be created, the per-role checks are kept.
📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughPostgres permission conditions now use one JSONB key-existence test for role lists. A PostgreSQL integration test checks results and GIN index scans for a query with many roles. ChangesPostgres permission checks
SQL find query construction
Priority: ➖ Normal Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes Change: Bug fix Suggested reviewers: Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to No actionable merge-blocking risk is established. The test could leave a temporary collection after a failure, but a fresh setup removes it. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
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create() now adds the function whether or not the schema already exists, so databases created before it get it the next time create() runs. Permission conditions always call the function, which drops the per-connection existence check, its cache and the fallback to one containment check per role.
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Review comments at @src/Database/Adapter/Postgres.php:
- Line 127: Update the create() flow around createPermissionsFunction($name) to
check whether the permissions function already exists and skip creation when it
does; when it is missing, create it through a privileged migration rather than
requiring the caller to have schema CREATE privilege.
- Line 1861: Ensure the schema-local PERMISSIONS_FUNCTION helper is provisioned
before the permission-filtered read condition uses it, including for existing
schemas; alternatively, keep the prior predicate until provisioning is
guaranteed. Locate the condition-building logic in Postgres and preserve the
behavior of reads when authorization is disabled or roles are empty.
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PDO passes the escaped ??| through under emulated prepares as long as no named placeholder repeats in the statement. The cursor equality conditions now bind per branch, and the projected vector distance binds its own copy of the vector, so the permission condition can use ?| directly. That removes the function and its creation in create().
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| return '(' . \implode(' OR ', $permissions) . ')'; | ||
| return "{$column} ??| ARRAY[" . \implode(', ', $permissions) . ']::text[]'; |
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Double check if this is ::text[] OR ::jsonb ?
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text[] is correct. ?| takes a text[], and EXPLAIN shows it’s using the GIN index
| // ? but is not indexable. | ||
| $permissions = \array_map( | ||
| fn ($role) => "{$column} @> {$this->getPDO()->quote(\json_encode(["{$type}(\"{$role}\")"]))}::jsonb", | ||
| fn ($role) => $this->getPDO()->quote("{$type}(\"{$role}\")"), |
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Do we need to $this->getPDO()->quote if we are using bind param later on?
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Yeah, we still need it. The roles are added directly to the SQL here, not passed as parameters. Changing that would mean updating all the SQL adapters, and it wouldn’t really change the final query anyway.
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I benchmarked this end to end. The core idea is right: one What I'd change
With those three changes, I'd merge it. The remaining regressions (below) only appear at 50+ roles, and the small-collection case can be a follow-up. Setup
Collections (document security on):
The reader holds the 8 roles a normal signed-in user has, padded with extra Columns:
All times are median ms. Unindexed filters: the regression change 1 fixes
Where #992 already wins, and still does with change 1
One trade-off: on Still slower than
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| collection | roles | query | join | main | #992 | #992 + any |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| public | 50 | count, uncapped | 359 | 175 | 398 | 388 |
| public | 100 | count, uncapped | 372 | 209 | 687 | 648 |
| small | 100 | count (max 5000) | 6.5 | 3.0 | 152 | 157 |
| small | 500 | count (max 5000) | 9.9 | 51 | 715 | 721 |
Postgres costs ?| as one operator call however many roles it holds, while jsonb_exists_any really unpacks the whole role array for every row it checks. When a scan does reach the permission check on every row (uncapped counts, or small collections where the planner prefers a scan to the index), that's roughly 7 ns per role per row. At 8 roles none of these regress. Small collections are also still behind the old join on lists (8 roles: join 7.0, main 56, #992 22.7), though they're better than main.
A version that also adds @> ANY(...) over the same roles, so the planner prices the check per role, fixes small (lists 2–4 ms up to 100 roles). But it double-counts selectivity and pushes permissive unindexed filters through a GIN bitmap of 700k rows. That's why I'd treat this as a separate follow-up, not part of this PR.
One more thing
??| relies on no named placeholder ever appearing twice in a statement. You fixed the two existing cases, but a future repeat breaks every document-security read on Postgres, and nothing would catch it. A one-line inlinable SQL wrapper (CREATE FUNCTION permissions_any(jsonb, text[]) ... AS 'SELECT $1 ?| $2') gives the identical plan, including Index Cond: (_permissions ?| ...), but has to be created with the database. If we keep ??|, can we add a test that fails when a placeholder repeats?
One clause per role added a minimum row estimate per role, so with enough roles a selective read looked permissive and the planner walked the primary key instead of the GIN index. With 60 roles over 50k rows the index goes unscanned on main and is scanned with the single ?| condition. Sequential scans are priced out of the session and the table is vacuumed first, so the GIN pending list doesn't skew the cost and the assertion measures the estimate rather than the collection size. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🔇 Additional comments (2)
tests/e2e/Adapter/PostgresTest.php (2)
164-165: Static analysis hint: SQL injection finding is a false positive.Both queries are constant string literals. They contain no user input. No change is needed.
140-206: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 💤 Low value
⚠️ Unverified finding
Verification ran but could not confirm this finding. It is shown for review, not as a verified issue.Isolate the test from shared Postgres state to avoid flakiness.
The test passes only if the shared
$pdosession still hasenable_seqscan = offwhenfindruns.getDatabase()may build theDatabaseover a pooled or separate connection, soSETonself::$pdomay not reach it. In that case, the planner may still choose a sequential scan. That scan is not a defect in the code under test. It would be a false failure.The test passes
self::$pdoto thePostgresadapter ingetDatabase(), so the session is shared today. If that changes, the assertion on lines 199-203 could fail without a real regression.If the collection fails to delete, the 50,000-row table persists. Move
deleteCollectioninto thefinallyblock so cleanup runs when an assertion fails.Proposed fix for cleanup
} finally { self::$pdo->exec('RESET enable_seqscan'); $authorization->cleanRoles(); $authorization->addRole(Role::any()->toString()); } - $this->assertCount(1, $results, 'Only the document owned by the reader may come back'); - $this->assertSame(7, $results[0]->getAttribute('owner')); - - $this->assertGreaterThan( - $before, - $scans(), - 'A selective read must be answered from the permissions index however many roles the reader holds' - ); - - $database->deleteCollection('rolesPlan'); + try { + $this->assertCount(1, $results, 'Only the document owned by the reader may come back'); + $this->assertSame(7, $results[0]->getAttribute('owner')); + + $this->assertGreaterThan( + $before, + $scans(), + 'A selective read must be answered from the permissions index however many roles the reader holds' + ); + } finally { + $database->deleteCollection('rolesPlan'); + }
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The Postgres permission condition emitted one
_permissions @> '[...]'per role, OR'ed together. The row estimate grows with each role, and around 100 roles (labels, teams) the planner drops the GIN index and walks the primary key.All roles are now matched with one
_permissions ??| ARRAY[...]::text[].??is PDO's escape for a literal?, and under emulated prepares it only works while no named placeholder repeats in the statement. Two places repeated one, so the cursor equality conditions now bind per branch (:cursor_{i}_{j}), and the projected vector distance binds its own copy of the vector. The server receives?|, so the plan showsIndex Cond: (_permissions ?| ...)on the GIN index.jsonb_exists_any()and@> ANY(...)were tried: the first can't use the index, and the second keeps the growing estimate.No function or schema change, so existing databases need nothing.
Verification: 100k rows, GIN index, user can read 300 rows. Adapter's
find(limit 25):PostgresTestandSharedTables/PostgresTestpass, excepttestObjectAttributeEmptyObjectandtestObjectAttributeNestedEmptyObjects, which fail onmaintoo.MariaDBTestpasses.Refs appwrite/appwrite#14096
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